Palliative Care ECHO 5.0 Improving Care for Those with Serious Illness - Enduring Education

Tuesday, July 14, 2026, 6:30 AM - Saturday, July 14, 2029, 8:45 AM

AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™ (2.25 hours), ACPE Contact Hours (2.25 hours), ANCC Nursing Contact Hours (2.25 hours), ASWB Social Work Credit(s) (2.25 hours), CME-Designated Participation Credit (2.25 hours)

Palliative care clinicians manage complex symptoms, work with patients and families to establish goal aligned care, and strive to improve the quality of life for those with serious illness. Most clinicians can provide primary palliative care for those with serious illness and at the end of life. In Year 5 of the Interprofessional Palliative ECHO® program, we will expand on pertinent topics to look at the palliative care in situations and settings through didactic presentations and participants’ case-based presentations in this teach-teach/learn-learn model. Clinicians will acquire skills and establish professional connections to improve the care of patients with serious illness and at the end-of-life. The 9 session Palliative Care ECHO 5.0 contains didactics on a variety of Palliative Care Topics. Each didactic is 15 minutes long and will count toward 0.25 CE credits

Download Palliative ECHO 5.0 resources HERE.

Presenters

Christopher Charles, MSN, RN, CCRN
MICU
Dartmouth Health

Christopher Charles is a clinical nurse in the Medical Intensive Care Unit and a clinical ethicist with the Clinical Ethics Consultation Team at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center. He earned a Bachelor of Science from Colby-Sawyer College and a Master of Science in Nursing with a concentration in nursing leadership and administration from Franklin Pierce University. He is currently pursuing a Doctor of Nursing Practice in Adult-Gerontology Primary Care at the William F. Connell School of Nursing at Boston College. Christopher’s academic work focuses on the ethical dimensions of nursing practice, particularly, professional responsibility and fostering moral agency in nurses. His work was recently published in Nursing Ethics, and he has presented nationally and internationally on topics at the intersection of nursing practice and clinical ethics.

Bradley Eckert, MD
Palliative Medicine
Dartmouth Health

Bradley Eckert is a physician in the Section of Palliative Medicine at Dartmouth Health and an Assistant Professor of Medicine at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College. He provides palliative care in the outpatient clinic and at the Jack Byrne Center for Palliative and Hospice Care.  He is active in state and federal policy initiatives and serves on the Public Policy Committee for the American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine and the Legislative Committees for the New Hampshire Medical Society and the Home Care, Hospice, and Palliative Care Alliance of New Hampshire Brad completed a hospice and palliative medicine fellowship at Dartmouth Hitchcock and a family Medicine training in Ohio. He has a graduate degree in health policy from The George Washington University in Washington, DC.

Stephanie Krasinski, DNP, APRN, AGPCNP-BC, ACHPN
Palliative Medicine
Dartmouth Health

Steph is a Nurse Practitioner in the Section of Palliative Medicine at Dartmouth Health, based in the Oncology Clinics in Manchester and Nashua, and an Assistant Professor of Medicine at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College. She most recently completed her fellowship in hospice and palliative medicine at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center and earned her DNP from Quinnipiac University. She previously worked in hospital medicine as an APRN at Concord Hospital and as an RN for 8 years at Yale New Haven Hospital, in the infectious diseases, medical-surgical, and medical step-down areas. Steph’s passion for palliative care stems from her desire to help patients facing serious, life-limiting illnesses by providing compassionate support and advocacy to them and their loved ones, enhancing the quality of their lives.

Connolly Huddleston, MAPS, BCC
Director of Mission at Bon Secours St. Francis Medical Center
Midlothian, Virginia

Connolly Huddleston is the Director of Mission at Bon Secours St. Francis Medical Center in Midlothian, Virginia serving as the hospital’s ethics consultant, supporting senior leadership in operational strategy, advocacy for the vulnerable, and promoting spiritual well-being for all. Connolly received her Master’s in Pastoral Studies from Seattle University in 2017 and is a board-certified chaplain with 8 years of experience supporting those at all stages of life. She holds a special place in her heart for those nearing the end of their earthly journey and accompanying others in discovering their “why” and internal wisdom to find healing.

Kristin Johnson, MS, CCLS, FT, GC-C
Palliative Care Program Manager
Bereavement Programs
Dartmouth Health

Kristen Johnson is a Thanatologist, Certified Grief Counselor, Certified Grief Educator, trained End of Life Doula, and a Certified Child Life Specialist. She works as the Program Manager of Palliative Care Bereavement and Volunteer Programs within the section of Palliative Care at Dartmouth Health, leading and overseeing bereavement programming and bereavement program facilitation. Her master’s in Thanatology was completed with a final capstone project on Bereavement Programming in Hospice and Palliative Care.

Sarah Durante MD, FAAPMR
Outpatient Neurorehabilitation
Dartmouth Health

Sarah Durante is a physiatrist (Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation physician) with subspecialty training in palliative care. After graduating from the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth she completed her rehabilitation medicine residency training at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia followed by a palliative care fellowship at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center. She worked for five years as an inpatient palliative care consultant and has recently shifted her focus to outpatient neurorehabilitation at DHMC in Lebanon.

Kathleen Broglio, DNP, ANP-BC, ACHPN, CARN-AP, FPCN, FAANP, FAAHPM
Palliative Medicine
Dartmouth Health

Kathleen is a Professor of Medicine at Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College and Nurse Practitioner in Palliative Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center. She has conducted studies on the prevalence of opioid risk in oncology; cannabis use in palliative medicine; implementation of opioid management guidelines in the palliative care setting; telehealth use, and interprofessional palliative care education. Kathleen’s clinical care focuses on complex pain and symptom management and treatment of substance use disorder in palliative care patients. She mentors colleagues, lectures and has published on the treatment of pain in the setting of risks for substance use disorder. Her experience includes acute and chronic pain management; and acute, ambulatory, and home-based palliative care. She received her Bachelors in Economics from the University of Maryland, her Bachelor of Nursing from University of Hawaii, a Masters in Nursing from University of Washington, and a Doctorate in Nursing Practice from New York University. She completed a palliative care fellowship at Beth Israel Medical Center, New York.

Dax Volle MD
Geriatric Psychiatrist
Dartmouth Health
Assistant Professor of psychiatry and medical education at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth

Dax is a board-certified geriatric psychiatrist at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and an assistant professor of psychiatry and medical education at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth. At Dartmouth, he maintains an active clinical practice, supervises residents and fellows, serves as the section chief of geriatric psychiatry, as the program director for the geriatric psychiatry fellowship program, and as the director of the second-year course in psychiatry at the Geisel School of Medicine with an overall goal of coordinating cognitive and behavioral care services for older adults across multiple specialties and clinical sites. His main clinical and academic interests are cognitive health in aging, dementia care, movement disorders, late life depression, palliative care, medical education, neuromodulation, and philosophy of psychiatry.

Karen Custodio, DO
Department of Palliative Medicine
Department of Emergency Medicine
University of Vermont Medical Center

Karen Custodio is an Emergency Medicine and Palliative Care physician. She completed her Emergency Medicine residency in north Philadelphia at Jefferson-Einstein, and afterward completed her Hospice and Palliative Medicine fellowship at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center. Karen has always been committed to working with underserved populations, and continued this work in residency leading a journal club focused on health equity and focusing her research on the impact of social determinants of health as barriers to care. She is currently employed at the University of Vermont Medical Center in both the Palliative Care and Emergency Medicine departments.

Hannah Reuman MD, MS
Adult and pediatric palliative care provider
Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center

Hannah Reuman is an adult and pediatric palliative care provider at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center. She completed her pediatrics residency and hospice and palliative medicine fellowship at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. She then stayed on in Pittsburgh to complete a master’s in medical education. In 2024, she moved to New Hampshire with the hope of creating a pediatric palliative care program at Dartmouth Hitchcock. With the guidance and support of many champions in medicine and pediatrics, a pilot pediatric palliative care service line was launched in January 2026! The pediatric palliative care team offers both perinatal and pediatric consults to families navigating potentially life-limiting and life-limiting diagnoses across the states of NH and VT.

Margot Robinson, MD
Palliative Care Physician
Baystate Medical Center, MA

Margot Robinson is a palliative care physician at Baystate Medical Center in western Massachusetts. After attending medical school at Stanford University School of Medicine, she completed residency in Family Medicine at Brown University in 2023. She practiced between 2023-24 at the Providence Community Health Centers, a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) in Providence, Rhode Island, and taught first year medical students in their clinical skills course at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University. She graduated from fellowship in Hospice and Palliative Medicine at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center in 2025. Dr Robinson has interests in primary palliative care, medical education, and narrative medicine. Her scholarly work has been published widely in journals including JAMA, the Lancet, and the Journal of Palliative Medicine. In her free time, she and her husband can be found outdoors trying to keep up with their young children.

1. Discuss at least two ways to enhance care of patients with serious illness including improved management of issues related to serious illness and the ability to address goals of care in diverse populations.

In support of improving patient care, Dartmouth Health is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team. 

American Medical Association (AMA)
Dartmouth Health designates this Enduring Material for a maximum of 2.25 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. 

American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)
Dartmouth Health designates this Enduring Material for a maximum of 2.25 ANCC contact hours.

Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE)

Dartmouth Health designates this knowledge-based activity for a maximum of 2.25 hours. Credit will be provided to NABP CPE Monitor within 60 days after the activity completion.

UAN JA0000201-0000-26-056-H99-P | UAN JA0000201-0000-26-056-H99-T

Pharmacists/Pharmacy Technicians Account Setup

If you wish to apply for ACPE credit, you will need to enter your NABP ePID# and Date of Birth in your CE Profile by following these steps:

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2. From the My Account Menu select Profile. 

3. Enter your Date of Birth (Month and Day).

4. In the Credentials section, select NABP ePID# from the drop-down and enter your ID number.

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Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB)

As a Jointly Accredited Organization, Dartmouth Health is approved to offer social work continuing education by the Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) Approved Continuing Education (ACE) program. Organizations, not individual courses, are approved under this program. Regulatory boards are the final authority on courses accepted for continuing education credit. Social workers completing this course receive 2.25 general continuing education credits.

Social Worker Account Setup

If you wish to apply for ASWB credit, you will need to enter your license number in your CE Profile by following these steps:

1. Log in to Dartmouth Health's CE portal (https://dh.cloud-cme.com).

2. From the My Account Menu, select Profile.

3. Ensure your degree and profession are accurately reflected.

4. Enter the state license type, License #, and Expiration date.

5. Scroll down to the bottom of the screen and click Submit.

All other learners may claim CME-designated participation credit. Consult your professional licensing board regarding the applicability and acceptance of CME-designated participation credit for programs certified for credit by organizations accredited by Joint Accreditation for Interprofessional Education.

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Bibliographic Material

October 2025 Moral Injury and Moral Distress

• DeMeyer, E. S. (2022). Moral distress in cancer care. Cancer Nursing Today. https://www.cancernursingtoday.com/post/moral-distress-in-cancer-care

• Epstein, E. G., & Delgado, S. (2010). Understanding and addressing moral distress. OJIN, 15(3).

• Jameton, A. (1984). Nursing practice: The ethical issues. Prentice-Hall)

• Koenig, H. G., & Al Zaben, F. (2021). Moral Injury: An Increasingly Recognized and Widespread Syndrome. Journal of religion and health, 60(5), 2989–3011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01328-0

• Litz BT, Stein N, Delaney E, Lebowitz L, Nash WP, Silva C, Maguen S. Moral injury and moral repair in war veterans: A preliminary model and intervention strategy. Clinical Psychology Review. 2009;29(8):695–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.07.003

• Nash, W. P. (2012, November 21). Moral injury: The psychological wounds of war. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2012/11/21/165663154/moral-injury-the-psychological-wounds-of-war

• Robinson, E. M., Lee, S. M., Zollfrank, A., Jurchak, M., Frost, D., & Grace, P. (2014). Enhancing moral agency: clinical ethics residency for nurses. The Hastings Center report, 44(5), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.353

• Rushton, C. R. (2006). Defining and Addressing Moral Distress: Tools for Critical Care Nursing Leaders. AACN Adv Crit Care, 17 (2): 161–168

• Williamson V, Murphy D, Phelps A, Forbes D, Greenberg N. Moral injury: the effect on mental health and implications for treatment. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021 Jun;8(6):453-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00113-9. Epub 2021 Mar 17. PMID: 33743196.

• Weiss Goitiandia, S., Axelrod, J. K., Brender, T. D., Batten, J. N., & Dzeng, E. W. (2024). Recognizing the Systemic Root Causes of Moral Distress. The American Journal of Bioethics, 24(12), 29–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2024.2416137

• Williamson V, Stevelink SAM, Greenberg N. Occupational moral injury and mental health: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2018 Jun;212(6):339-346. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.55. PMID: 29786495.

• “4As to Rise Above Moral Distress” (n.d.). Emerging RN Leader. Retrieved from https://www.emergingrnleader.com/wpcontent/uploads/2012/06/4As_to_Rise_Above_Moral_Distress.pdf

VSED versus Minimal Comfort Feeding

• Gruenewald DA. Voluntarily Stopping Eating and Drinking: A Practical Approach for Long-Term Care Facilities. J Palliat Med. 2018;21(9):1214-1220. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2018.0100

• Lowers J, Hughes S, Preston N. Experience of Caregivers Supporting a Patient through Voluntarily Stopping Eating and Drinking. J Palliat Med. 2021;24(3):376-381. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2020.0223

• Quill TE, Menzel PT, Pope TM, Nurse JS. Voluntarily Stopping Eating and Drinking. Oxford University Press; 2021.

• Wax JW, An AW, Kosier N, Quill TE. Voluntary Stopping Eating and Drinking. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018;66(3):441-445. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15200

• Wechkin H, Macauley R, Menzel PT, Reagan PL, Simmers N, Quill TE. Clinical Guidelines for Voluntarily Stopping Eating and Drinking (VSED). J Pain Symptom Manage. 2023;66(5):e625-e631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2023.06.016

• Wechkin HA, Menzel PT, Loggers ET, et al. "Mr. Smith Has No Mealtimes": Minimal Comfort Feeding for Patients with Advanced Dementia. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2025;69(2):216-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2024.11.001

How to Create a Legacy

• Getting Your Affairs in Order Checklist: Documents to Prepare for the Future; Feb. 1, 2023; https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/advance-care-planning/getting-your-affairs-order-checklist-documents-prepare-future#

• Neller SA, Cloyes KG, Edelman LS, Wong B, Baines B, Towsley GL. Preparing for the Future While Living in the Present: Older Adults' Experiences Creating a Legacy of Values. Gerontologist. 2023 Oct 17;63(9):1488-1496. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnad019. PMID: 36842069; PMCID: PMC10581374.

• Timóteo C, Vitorino J, Ali AM, Laranjeira C. Legacy in End-of-Life Care: A Concept Analysis. Nursing Reports. 2024; 14(3):2385-2397. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14030177

• 7 Legacy Project Ideas to Honor Your Loved One- Eterneva https://www.eterneva.com/resources/legacy-project-ideas

• Hunter, Elizabeth G., PhD, Beyond Death: Inheriting the past and giving to the future, transmitting the legacy of one’s self; OMEGA, Vol. 56(4) 313-329, 2007-2008; https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epdf/10.2190/OM.56.4.a

Prolonged Grief Disorder

• Book chapter: Meaning reconstruction & the experience of loss https://psycnet.apa.org/ PsycBOOKS/toc/1039

• Meaning Reconstruction in the Wake of Loss: Evolution of a Research Program https://www.cambridge. org/core/journals/behaviour-change/article/meaning-reconstruction-in-t he-wake-of-loss-evolution-of-a-research-program/D381E225517EC12 EC95A724DA3638591

• Trajectories of grief: Comparing symptoms from the DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnoses https://www.tc.columbia.edu/media/centers-am p-labs/lte-lab/peered-re view-journals/2019_Bonanno_Malgaroli_DA_c omparative-grief-trajectories.pdf

• Speaking of Psychology: How grieving changes the brain https://maryfrancesoco nnor.org/research

• HEALING Milestones Prolonged Grief Disorder Diagnostic Criteria—Helping Those With Maladaptive Grief Responses JAMA Psychiatry https://jamanetwork.co m/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2788766

• Prolonged grief disorder ScienceDirect https://www.sciencedire ct.com/science/article/a bs/pii/S0140673625003 54X?via%3Dihub

• Increased Amygdala Activations during the Emotional Experience of Death-Related Pictures in Complicated Grief: An fMRI Study https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih .gov/articles/PMC7141501/

• Iyengar yoga and health education interventions for prolonged grief disorder in later life https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih .gov/articles/PMC1273 8772/

• Naltrexone treatment for prolonged grief disorder: study protocol for a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7848 251/

• Treatments for Prolonged Grief Disorder: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/003 02228251364716?url_v er=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id =ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr _dat=cr_pub%20%200 pubmed

Goals of Care for People with Disabilities

• CDC infographic

• Iezzoni LI et al. Physicians’ Perceptions of People With Disability and their Health Care, Health Affairs 40, No. 2 (2021): 297–306.

• Lagu T et al. 'I Am Not The Doctor For You': Physicians' Attitudes About Caring For People With Disabilities. Health Aff (Millwood). 2022 Oct;41(10):1387-1395

• Disability Bias in Health Care. Harvard Law School Project on Disability. Oct 20, 2021. https://hpod.law.harvard.edu/news/entry/disability-bias-in-health-care.

• Albrecht GL, Devlieger PJ, The disability paradox: high quality of life against all odds, Social Science & Medicine, Volume 48, Issue 8,1999, Pages 977-988.

• Institute on Disability

• Center for Inclusive Health

• Inclusive Health Principles and Strategies

• https://www.aapd.com/recent-immigration-policies-impacts-disabled-people-and-long-term-care/

• Disability Bias in Health Care. Harvard Law School Project on Disability. Oct 20, 2021. https://hpod.law.harvard.edu/news/entry/disability-bias-in-health-care.

• Castillo, M et al. State Decision-Making Approaches in Seriously Ill People With Intellectual/Developmental Disability. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, Vol. 70 No. 5 (2025): 337-342.

Cannabis in Serious Illness

• Amin S, Chae SW, Kawamoto CT, Phillips KT, Pokhrel P. Cannabis use among cancer patients and survivors in the United States: a systematic review. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2024 Jan 4;8(1):pkae004. https://doi.org/10.1093/jncics/pkae004. PMID: 38291891; PMCID: PMC10868394.

• Balachandran P, Elsohly M, Hill KP. Cannabidiol Interactions with Medications, Illicit Substances, and Alcohol: a Comprehensive Review. J Gen Intern Med. 2021 Jul;36(7):2074-2084. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06504-8. Epub 2021 Jan 29. PMID: 33515191; PMCID: PMC8298645.

• Bar-Sela, G., Cohen, I., Campisi-Pinto, S., Lewitus, G. M., Oz-Ari, L., Jehassi, A., Peer, A., Turgeman, I., Vernicova, O., Berman, P., Wollner, M., Moskovitz, M., & Meiri, D. (2020). Cannabis Consumption Used by Cancer Patients during Immunotherapy Correlates with Poor Clinical Outcome. Cancers, 12(9), 2447. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092447

• Bonn-Miller MO, Loflin MJE, Thomas BF, Marcu JP, Hyke T, Vandrey R. Labeling Accuracy of Cannabidiol Extracts Sold Online. JAMA. 2017 Nov 7;318(17):1708-1709. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.11909. PMID: 29114823; PMCID: PMC5818782.

• Chye DM, Sampaio Rodrigues T, Quarto LJG, et al. Cannabis use and atrial arrhythmias: A systematic review and meta-analysis of large populational studies. Heart rhythm. Published online 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2025.05.062

• Jeffers AM, Glantz S, Byers AL, Keyhani S. Association of Cannabis Use With Cardiovascular Outcomes Among US Adults. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2024;13(5). https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.123.030178

• Leung J, Chan G, Stjepanovi? D, Chung JYC, Hall W, Hammond D. Prevalence and self-reported reasons of cannabis use for medical purposes in USA and Canada. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2022 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9110511

• National Institute of Drug Abuse. Cannabisl. Updated September 2024. https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/cannabis-marijuana#long-term-health-cannabis

• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Committee on the Health Effects of Marijuana: An Evidence Review and Research Agenda. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2017 Jan 12. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK423845/ doi: 10.17226/24625

• Preuss UW, Huestis MA, Schneider M, Hermann D, Lutz B, Hasan A, Kambeitz J, Wong JWM, Hoch E. Cannabis Use and Car Crashes: A Review. Front Psychiatry. 2021 May 28;12:643315. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.643315. PMID: 34122176; PMCID: PMC8195290

• Storck W, Elbaz M, Vindis C, et al. Cardiovascular risk associated with the use of cannabis and cannabinoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Published Online First: 17 June 2025. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2024-325429

• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2024). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP24-07-021, NSDUH Series H-59). Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2023-nsduh-annual-national-report

• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Know the risks, effects and side effects of marijuana. https://www.samhsa.gov/substance-use/learn/marijuana/risks (updated 11/2024)

• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Cannabidiol (CBD) – Potential harms, side effects and unknowns. Cannabidiol (CBD) – Potential Harms, Side Effects, and Unknowns (updated 2/2023)

• Translating Emergency Knowledge for Kids (TREKK) 2025. Cannabis Methods of Delivery and Formulations. Updated 2025. https://cms.trekk.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2025_01_31-Cannabis-Methods-of-Delivery-and-Formulations-v2.0-Final.pdf

• UCLA Semel Institute. Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids. https://cannabis.semel.ucla.edu/compunds/

Agitation in serious illness/EOL impact on patient and care partner

• Delirium prevalence, incidence, and implications for screening in specialist palliative care inpatient settings: A systematic review https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0269216312457214?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed#core-collateral-purchase-access

• Review article: terminal delirium in geriatric patients with cancer at end of life https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1049909110376755?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed

• The impact on the family of terminal restlessness and its management https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1191/0960327103pm779oa

• Delirium in Advanced Cancer: A Psychoeducational Intervention for Family Caregivers https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/082585970201800402

• Patient suffering and caregiver compassion: new opportunities for research, practice, and policy https://academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article/47/1/4/588544?login=true

• Randomized Controlled Trial of Family Therapy in Advanced Cancer Continued Into Bereavement https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4966341/

• Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) https://www.mdcalc.com/calc/1872/richmond-agitation-sedation-scale-rass

• Confusion Assessment Method (CAM): https://www.mdcalc.com/calc/1870/confusion-assessment-method-icu-cam-icu

• Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS): https://palli-science.com/sites/default/files/G_livre/TomeII/MDAS.pdf

• Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD): https://geriatrictoolkit.missouri.edu/cog/painad.pdf

• Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale Revised (ESAS-R) https://www.mdcalc.com/calc/10429/edmonton-symptom-assessment-system-revised-esas-r

• Palliative Prognostic Index (PPI): https://www.mypcnow.org/fast-fact/the-palliative-prognostic-score/

• Efficacy of Oral Risperidone, Haloperidol, or Placebo for Symptoms of Delirium Among Patients in Palliative Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2588810

• Neuroleptic strategies for terminal agitation in patients with cancer and delirium at an acute palliative care unit: a single-centre, double-blind, parallel-group, randomised trial https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(20)30307-7/abstract

• European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) recommended framework for the use of sedation in palliative care https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0269216309107024?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed

• Revised European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) recommended framework on palliative sedation: An international Delphi study https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/02692163231220225

• National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO) Position Statement and Commentary on the Use of Palliative Sedation in Imminently Dying Terminally Ill Patients https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0885392410002137?via%3Dihub

• Palliative pharmacological sedation for terminally ill adults https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6464857/

  Caring for Legal System involved patients at the end of life

• “What Words We Use – and Avoid – When Covering People and Incarceration.” Akiba Solomon. The Marshall Project. https://www.themarshallproject.org/2015/04/03/inmate-prisoner-other-discussed

• ‘It’s Where We’re at Right Now’: US Prison System Struggling to Keep Up with Growing Need for Palliative Care https://hospicenews.com/2023/08/09/its-where-were-at-right-now-us-prison-system-struggling-to-keep-up-with-growing-need-for-palliative-care/

• Prison Policy Initiative. “The aging prison population: cause, cost and consequences.” https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2023/08/02/aging/

• Social work today.com. “End of Life Care in Prison.” Sue Coyle, MSW https://www.socialworktoday.com/archive/ND18p16.shtml

• Medicaid for Incarcerated Individuals https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/IF11830#:~:text=As%20of%20July%202024%2C%20CMS,specified%20screenings%20and%20treatment%20referrals

• Scopes and Shields https://www.scopesandshields.org/

• NPR: Death and redemption in an American prison https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/02/19/1231119824/prison-hospice-angola-louisiana-quilting

• GeriPal: Hospice in Prison Part 1: An interview with Michele DiTomas and Keith Knauf https://geripal.org/hospice-in-prison-part-1-an-interview-with-michele-ditomas-and-keith-knauf/

• 'We carry a light': Inmates at Shawnee Correctional Center care for the prison's dying https://thesouthern.com/news/local/we-carry-a-light-inmates-at-shawnee-correctional-center-care/article_cad783ab-53b2-52cd-a5fb-c8417724e39c.html?mode=nowapp

• NYT: The Prisoners Who Care for the Dying and Get Another Chance at Life https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/05/16/magazine/health-issue-convicted-prisoners-becoming-caregivers.html

• Getting Involved in Criminal Justice Reform https://incarcerationreform.com/

Palliative Care in High Risk Perinatal Care

• Perinatal Palliative Care. "ACOG committee opinion." Obstetrics Gynecol 134 (2019): e84-9.

• End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium (ELNEC) Pediatric Curriculum: Perinatal and Neonatal Palliative Care 2024

• Denney-Koelsch, Erin M., and Denise Côté-Arsenault. "Introduction to perinatal palliative care." In Perinatal palliative care: a clinical guide, pp. 3-11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020.

• Srinivasan, Keerthana, Christian Canarte, Samuel David Amio Valientes, Pedro A. Sanchez-Lara, and Seth J. Langston. "Updates in Trisomy 18." NeoReviews 26, no. 12 (2025): e820-e834.

• Schlosser, Mary-Pat, Melissa J. MacPherson, Maria Castro-Codesal, Cheryl Mack, Kyle Sue-Milne, Tara Wren, Larissa Shapka, Janice Y. Kung, and Michael van Manen. "Liveborn children with trisomy 18: A scoping review." Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine 17, no. 6 (2024): 733-749.

• Glinianaia, Svetlana V., Judith Rankin, Joachim Tan, Maria Loane, Ester Garne, Clara Cavero-Carbonell, Hermien EK De Walle et al. "Ten-year survival of children with trisomy 13 or trisomy 18: a multi-registry European cohort study." Archives of disease in childhood 108, no. 6 (2023): 461-467.

• Sheri Fink, "Noah Is Still Here," The New York Times Magazine, July 2025.

• Marc-Aurele, Krishelle L. "Decisions parents make when faced with potentially life-limiting fetal diagnoses and the importance of perinatal palliative care." Frontiers in Pediatrics 8 (2020): 574556.

• Bertaud, Sophie, Georgina Brightley, Nicola Crowley, Finella Craig, and Dominic Wilkinson. "Specialist perinatal palliative care: a retrospective review of antenatal referrals to a children’s palliative care service over 14 years." BMC Palliative Care 22, no. 1 (2023): 177.

• Korzeniewska-Eksterowicz, Aleksandra, ?ukasz Przys?o, and Hanna Moczulska. "Development and results of perinatal palliative care program: a retrospective cohort study." European Journal of Pediatrics 184, no. 7 (2025): 404.

• Cortezzo DE, Ellis K, Schlegel A. Perinatal Palliative Care Birth Planning as Advance Care Planning. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2020 Sep 8;8:556.

• Blakeley C, Smith DM, Johnstone ED, Wittkowski A. Parental decision-making following a prenatal diagnosis that is lethal, life-limiting, or has long term implications for the future child and family: a meta-synthesis of qualitative literature. BMC Med Ethics. 2019 Aug 8;20(1):56.

• Kuebelbeck A, Denney-Koelsch EM. (2020). Parental Experiences and Needs After Life-Limiting Fetal Diagnosis. In Denney-Koelsch E, Côté–Arsenault D, Perinatal Palliative Care. A Clinical Guide. Springer Nature Switzerland.

• Côté-Arsenault D, Denney-Koelsch E. "Have no regrets:" Parents' experiences and developmental tasks in pregnancy with a lethal fetal diagnosis. Social Science and Medicine. 2016 Apr;154:100-9.

• "Birth Planning." Perinatal Hospice & Palliative Care, https://www.perinatalhospice.org/birth-planning [perinatalhospice.org]. Accessed 18 Mar. 2026.

• "Parent Voices." Perinatal Hospice & Palliative Care, https://www.perinatalhospice.org/ [perinatalhospice.org]parent-voices [perinatalhospice.org]. Accessed 17 May 2026.

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